12-string guitars use six pairs of strings, with each pair tuned either in unison or an octave apart, creating a fuller and more harmonically rich sound than a standard six-string. This paired-string design produces a natural chorusing effect, giving the instrument a wide, shimmering character.

They are commonly used for rhythm playing, strummed parts, and open chords, where their bright, layered sound adds depth and presence. 12-string guitars are popular in folk, rock, and acoustic music, and are especially valued for creating expansive textures rather than detailed lead playing.